| NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLE | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON | The Linux Programming Interface |
COMPLEX(7) Linux Programmer's Manual COMPLEX(7)
complex - basics of complex mathematics
#include <complex.h>
Complex numbers are numbers of the form z = a+b*i, where a and b are
real numbers and i = sqrt(-1), so that i*i = -1.
There are other ways to represent that number. The pair (a,b) of
real numbers may be viewed as a point in the plane, given by X- and
Y-coordinates. This same point may also be described by giving the
pair of real numbers (r,phi), where r is the distance to the origin
O, and phi the angle between the X-axis and the line Oz. Now z =
r*exp(i*phi) = r*(cos(phi)+i*sin(phi)).
The basic operations are defined on z = a+b*i and w = c+d*i as:
addition: z+w = (a+c) + (b+d)*i
multiplication: z*w = (a*c - b*d) + (a*d + b*c)*i
division: z/w = ((a*c + b*d)/(c*c + d*d)) + ((b*c - a*d)/(c*c +
d*d))*i
Nearly all math function have a complex counterpart but there are
some complex-only functions.
Your C-compiler can work with complex numbers if it supports the C99
standard. Link with -lm. The imaginary unit is represented by I.
/* check that exp(i * pi) == -1 */
#include <math.h> /* for atan */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <complex.h>
int
main(void)
{
double pi = 4 * atan(1.0);
double complex z = cexp(I * pi);
printf("%f + %f * i\n", creal(z), cimag(z));
}
cabs(3), cacos(3), cacosh(3), carg(3), casin(3), casinh(3), catan(3),
catanh(3), ccos(3), ccosh(3), cerf(3), cexp(3), cexp2(3), cimag(3),
clog(3), clog10(3), clog2(3), conj(3), cpow(3), cproj(3), creal(3),
csin(3), csinh(3), csqrt(3), ctan(3), ctanh(3)
This page is part of release 3.51 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
2011-09-16 COMPLEX(7)
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