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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | EXAMPLES | APPLICATION USAGE | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
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LOCALECONV(3P) POSIX Programmer's Manual LOCALECONV(3P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
localeconv — return locale-specific information
#include <locale.h>
struct lconv *localeconv(void);
The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with
the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements
described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This
volume of POSIX.1‐2017 defers to the ISO C standard.
The localeconv() function shall set the components of an object
with the type struct lconv with the values appropriate for the
formatting of numeric quantities (monetary and otherwise)
according to the rules of the current locale.
The members of the structure with type char * are pointers to
strings, any of which (except decimal_point) can point to "", to
indicate that the value is not available in the current locale or
is of zero length. The members with type char are non-negative
numbers, any of which can be {CHAR_MAX} to indicate that the value
is not available in the current locale.
The members include the following:
char *decimal_point
The radix character used to format non-monetary quantities.
char *thousands_sep
The character used to separate groups of digits before the
decimal-point character in formatted non-monetary
quantities.
char *grouping
A string whose elements taken as one-byte integer values
indicate the size of each group of digits in formatted non-
monetary quantities.
char *int_curr_symbol
The international currency symbol applicable to the current
locale. The first three characters contain the alphabetic
international currency symbol in accordance with those
specified in the ISO 4217:2001 standard. The fourth
character (immediately preceding the null byte) is the
character used to separate the international currency symbol
from the monetary quantity.
char *currency_symbol
The local currency symbol applicable to the current locale.
char *mon_decimal_point
The radix character used to format monetary quantities.
char *mon_thousands_sep
The separator for groups of digits before the decimal-point
in formatted monetary quantities.
char *mon_grouping
A string whose elements taken as one-byte integer values
indicate the size of each group of digits in formatted
monetary quantities.
char *positive_sign
The string used to indicate a non-negative valued formatted
monetary quantity.
char *negative_sign
The string used to indicate a negative valued formatted
monetary quantity.
char int_frac_digits
The number of fractional digits (those after the decimal-
point) to be displayed in an internationally formatted
monetary quantity.
char frac_digits
The number of fractional digits (those after the decimal-
point) to be displayed in a formatted monetary quantity.
char p_cs_precedes
Set to 1 if the currency_symbol precedes the value for a
non-negative formatted monetary quantity. Set to 0 if the
symbol succeeds the value.
char p_sep_by_space
Set to a value indicating the separation of the
currency_symbol, the sign string, and the value for a non-
negative formatted monetary quantity.
char n_cs_precedes
Set to 1 if the currency_symbol precedes the value for a
negative formatted monetary quantity. Set to 0 if the symbol
succeeds the value.
char n_sep_by_space
Set to a value indicating the separation of the
currency_symbol, the sign string, and the value for a
negative formatted monetary quantity.
char p_sign_posn
Set to a value indicating the positioning of the
positive_sign for a non-negative formatted monetary
quantity.
char n_sign_posn
Set to a value indicating the positioning of the
negative_sign for a negative formatted monetary quantity.
char int_p_cs_precedes
Set to 1 or 0 if the int_curr_symbol respectively precedes
or succeeds the value for a non-negative internationally
formatted monetary quantity.
char int_n_cs_precedes
Set to 1 or 0 if the int_curr_symbol respectively precedes
or succeeds the value for a negative internationally
formatted monetary quantity.
char int_p_sep_by_space
Set to a value indicating the separation of the
int_curr_symbol, the sign string, and the value for a non-
negative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
char int_n_sep_by_space
Set to a value indicating the separation of the
int_curr_symbol, the sign string, and the value for a
negative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
char int_p_sign_posn
Set to a value indicating the positioning of the
positive_sign for a non-negative internationally formatted
monetary quantity.
char int_n_sign_posn
Set to a value indicating the positioning of the
negative_sign for a negative internationally formatted
monetary quantity.
The elements of grouping and mon_grouping are interpreted
according to the following:
{CHAR_MAX} No further grouping is to be performed.
0 The previous element is to be repeatedly used for the
remainder of the digits.
other The integer value is the number of digits that
comprise the current group. The next element is
examined to determine the size of the next group of
digits before the current group.
The values of p_sep_by_space, n_sep_by_space, int_p_sep_by_space,
and int_n_sep_by_space are interpreted according to the following:
0 No space separates the currency symbol and value.
1 If the currency symbol and sign string are adjacent, a space
separates them from the value; otherwise, a space separates
the currency symbol from the value.
2 If the currency symbol and sign string are adjacent, a space
separates them; otherwise, a space separates the sign string
from the value.
For int_p_sep_by_space and int_n_sep_by_space, the fourth
character of int_curr_symbol is used instead of a space.
The values of p_sign_posn, n_sign_posn, int_p_sign_posn, and
int_n_sign_posn are interpreted according to the following:
0 Parentheses surround the quantity and currency_symbol or
int_curr_symbol.
1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol or
int_curr_symbol.
2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol or
int_curr_symbol.
3 The sign string immediately precedes the currency_symbol or
int_curr_symbol.
4 The sign string immediately succeeds the currency_symbol or
int_curr_symbol.
The implementation shall behave as if no function in this volume
of POSIX.1‐2017 calls localeconv().
The localeconv() function need not be thread-safe.
The localeconv() function shall return a pointer to the filled-in
object. The application shall not modify the structure to which
the return value points, nor any storage areas pointed to by
pointers within the structure. The returned pointer, and pointers
within the structure, might be invalidated or the structure or the
storage areas might be overwritten by a subsequent call to
localeconv(). In addition, the returned pointer, and pointers
within the structure, might be invalidated or the structure or the
storage areas might be overwritten by subsequent calls to
setlocale() with the categories LC_ALL, LC_MONETARY, or
LC_NUMERIC, or by calls to uselocale() which change the categories
LC_MONETARY or LC_NUMERIC. The returned pointer, pointers within
the structure, the structure, and the storage areas might also be
invalidated if the calling thread is terminated.
No errors are defined.
The following sections are informative.
None.
The following table illustrates the rules which may be used by
four countries to format monetary quantities.
┌─────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────┬──────────────────────┐
│ Country │ Positive Format │ Negative Format │ International Format │
├─────────────┼─────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────────┤
│ Italy │ €.1.230 │ -€.1.230 │ EUR.1.230 │
│ Netherlands │ € 1.234,56 │ € -1.234,56 │ EUR 1.234,56 │
│ Norway │ kr1.234,56 │ kr1.234,56- │ NOK 1.234,56 │
│ Switzerland │ SFrs.1,234.56 │ SFrs.1,234.56C │ CHF 1,234.56 │
└─────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────┴──────────────────────┘
For these four countries, the respective values for the monetary
members of the structure returned by localeconv() are:
┌────────────────────┬────────┬─────────────┬────────┬─────────────┐
│ │ Italy │ Netherlands │ Norway │ Switzerland │
├────────────────────┼────────┼─────────────┼────────┼─────────────┤
│ int_curr_symbol │ "EUR." │ "EUR " │ "NOK " │ "CHF " │
│ currency_symbol │ "€." │ "€" │ "kr" │ "SFrs." │
│ mon_decimal_point │ "" │ "," │ "," │ "." │
│ mon_thousands_sep │ "." │ "." │ "." │ "," │
│ mon_grouping │ "\3" │ "\3" │ "\3" │ "\3" │
│ positive_sign │ "" │ "" │ "" │ "" │
│ negative_sign │ "-" │ "-" │ "-" │ "C" │
│ int_frac_digits │ 0 │ 2 │ 2 │ 2 │
│ frac_digits │ 0 │ 2 │ 2 │ 2 │
│ p_cs_precedes │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ p_sep_by_space │ 0 │ 1 │ 0 │ 0 │
│ n_cs_precedes │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ n_sep_by_space │ 0 │ 1 │ 0 │ 0 │
│ p_sign_posn │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ n_sign_posn │ 1 │ 4 │ 2 │ 2 │
│ int_p_cs_precedes │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ int_n_cs_precedes │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ int_p_sep_by_space │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │
│ int_n_sep_by_space │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │
│ int_p_sign_posn │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ int_n_sign_posn │ 1 │ 4 │ 4 │ 2 │
└────────────────────┴────────┴─────────────┴────────┴─────────────┘
None.
None.
fprintf(3p), fscanf(3p), isalpha(3p), isascii(3p),
nl_langinfo(3p), setlocale(3p), strcat(3p), strchr(3p),
strcmp(3p), strcoll(3p), strcpy(3p), strftime(3p), strlen(3p),
strpbrk(3p), strspn(3p), strtok(3p), strxfrm(3p), strtod(3p),
uselocale(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, langinfo.h(0p),
locale.h(0p)
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic
form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The
Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright
(C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard,
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee
document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page
are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of
the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2017 LOCALECONV(3P)
Pages that refer to this page: langinfo.h(0p), locale.h(0p), setlocale(3p), strfmon(3p), strtod(3p), wcstod(3p)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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