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ALIASES(5) BSD File Formats Manual ALIASES(5)
aliases — aliases file for smtpd
This manual page describes the format of the aliases file, as used
by smtpd(8). An alias, in its simplest form, is used to assign an
arbitrary name to an email address or a group of email addresses.
This provides a convenient way to send mail. For example an alias
could refer to all users of a group: email to that alias would be
sent to all members of the group. Much more complex aliases can be
defined however: an alias can refer to other aliases, be used to
send mail to a file instead of another person, or to execute
various commands.
Within the file, ‘#’ is a comment delimiter; anything placed after
it is discarded. The file consists of key/value mappings of the
form:
key: value1, value2, value3, ...
key is always folded to lowercase before alias lookups to ensure
that there can be no ambiguity. The key is expanded to the
corresponding values, which consist of one or more of the
following:
user A user on the host machine. The user must have a valid
entry in the passwd(5) database file.
/path/to/file
Append messages to file, specified by its absolute
pathname.
|command
Pipe the message to command on its standard input. The
command is run under the privileges of the daemon's
unprivileged account.
:include:/path/to/file
Include any definitions in file as alias entries. The
format of the file is identical to this one.
user-part@domain-part
An email address in RFC 5322 format. If an address
extension is appended to the user-part, it is first
compared for an exact match. It is then stripped so that
an address such as user+ext@example.com will only use the
part that precedes ‘+’ as a key.
error:code message
A status code and message to return. The code must be 3
digits, starting 4XX (TempFail) or 5XX (PermFail). The
message must be present and can be freely chosen.
/etc/mail/aliases Default aliases file.
smtpd.conf(5), makemap(8), newaliases(8), smtpd(8)
The aliases file format appeared in 4.0BSD.
This page is part of the OpenSMTPD (a FREE implementation of the
server-side SMTP protocol) project. Information about the project
can be found at https://www.opensmtpd.org/. If you have a bug
report for this manual page, see
⟨https://github.com/OpenSMTPD/OpenSMTPD/issues⟩. This page was
obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/OpenSMTPD/OpenSMTPD.git⟩ on 2023-06-23. (At
that time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
repository was 2023-06-23.) If you discover any rendering problems
in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is a better
or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have corrections or
improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part
of the original manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
BSD February 13, 2021 BSD
Pages that refer to this page: setaliasent(3), mailaddr(7)
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HTML rendering created 2023-06-24 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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