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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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NAME | DESCRIPTION | FILES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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GSHADOW(5) File Formats and Configuration GSHADOW(5)
gshadow - shadowed group file
/etc/gshadow contains the shadowed information for group accounts.
This file must not be readable by regular users if password
security is to be maintained.
Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated
fields:
group name
It must be a valid group name, which exists on the system.
encrypted password
Refer to crypt(3) for details on how this string is
interpreted.
If the password field contains some string that is not a valid
result of crypt(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be
able to use a unix password to access the group (but group
members do not need the password).
The password is used when a user who is not a member of the
group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
newgrp(1)).
This field may be empty, in which case only the group members
can gain the group permissions.
A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means
that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the
line represent the password field before the password was
locked.
This password supersedes any password specified in /etc/group.
administrators
It must be a comma-separated list of user names.
Administrators can change the password or the members of the
group.
Administrators also have the same permissions as the members
(see below).
members
It must be a comma-separated list of user names.
Members can access the group without being prompted for a
password.
You should use the same list of users as in /etc/group.
/etc/group
Group account information.
/etc/gshadow
Secure group account information.
gpasswd(5), group(5), grpck(8), grpconv(8), newgrp(1).
This page is part of the shadow-utils (utilities for managing
accounts and shadow password files) project. Information about
the project can be found at
⟨https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow⟩. If you have a bug report
for this manual page, send it to
pkg-shadow-devel@alioth-lists.debian.net. This page was obtained
from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow⟩ on 2025-08-11. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
repository was 2025-08-10.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is
a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
shadow-utils 4.18.0 08/11/2025 GSHADOW(5)
Pages that refer to this page: gpasswd(1), newgrp(1), sg(1), group(5), grpck(8), vipw(8)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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