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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | PRIMARY DOMAINS | VIRTUAL DOMAINS | FILES | EXIT STATUS | SEE ALSO | HISTORY | COLOPHON |
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MAKEMAP(8) System Manager's Manual MAKEMAP(8)
makemap — create database maps for smtpd
makemap [-U] [-d dbtype] [-o dbfile] [-t type] file
Maps provide a generic interface for associating a textual key to
a value. Such associations may be accessed through a plaintext
file, database, or DNS. The format of these file types is
described below. makemap itself creates the database maps used by
keyed map lookups specified in smtpd.conf(5).
makemap reads input from file and writes data to a file which is
named by adding a “.db” suffix to file. The current line can be
extended over multiple lines using a backslash (‘\’). Comments
can be put anywhere in the file using a hash mark (‘#’), and
extend to the end of the current line. Care should be taken when
commenting out multi-line text: the comment is effective until the
end of the entire block. In all cases, makemap reads lines
consisting of words separated by whitespace. The first word of a
line is the database key; the remainder represents the mapped
value. The database key and value may optionally be separated by
the colon character.
The options are as follows:
-d dbtype
Specify the format of the database. Available formats are
hash and btree. The default value is hash.
-o dbfile
Write the generated database to dbfile.
-t type
Specify the format of the resulting map file. The default
map format is suitable for storing simple, unstructured,
key-to-value string associations. However, if the mapped
value has special meaning, as in the case of a virtual
domains file, a suitable type must be provided. The
available output types are:
aliases The mapped value is a comma-separated list of
mail destinations. This format can be used for
building user aliases and user mappings for
virtual domain files.
set There is no mapped value – a map of this type
will only allow for the lookup of keys. This
format can be used for building primary domain
maps.
-U Instead of generating a database map from text input, dump
the contents of a database map as text with the key and
value separated with a tab.
Primary domains can be kept in tables. To create a primary domain
table, add each primary domain on a single line by itself.
In addition to adding an entry to the primary domain map, one must
add a filter rule that accepts mail for the domain map, for
example:
table domains db:/etc/mail/domains.db
action "local" mbox
match for domain <domains> action "local"
Virtual domains may also be kept in tables. To create a virtual
domain table, add each virtual domain on a single line by itself.
Virtual domains expect a mapping of virtual users to real users in
order to determine if a recipient is accepted or not. The mapping
format is an extension to aliases(5), which allows the use of
“user@domain.tld” to accept user only on the specified domain,
“user” to accept the user for any of the virtual domains,
“@domain.tld” to provide a catch-all for the specified domain and
“@” to provide a global catch-all for all domains. smtpd(8) will
perform the lookups in that specific order.
To create a single virtual address, add “user@example.com user” to
the users map. To handle all mail destined to any user at
example.com, add “@example.com user” to the virtual map.
In addition to adding an entry to the virtual map, one must add a
filter rule that accepts mail for virtual domains, for example:
table vdomains db:/etc/mail/vdomains.db
table vusers db:/etc/mail/users.db
action "local" mbox virtual <vusers>
match for domain <vdomains> action "local"
match for domain "example.org" action "local"
/etc/mail/aliases List of user mail aliases.
/etc/mail/secrets List of remote host credentials.
The makemap utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
aliases(5), smtpd.conf(5), table(5), newaliases(8), smtpd(8)
The makemap command first appeared in OpenBSD 4.6 as a replacement
for the equivalent command shipped with sendmail.
This page is part of the OpenSMTPD (a FREE implementation of the
server-side SMTP protocol) project. Information about the project
can be found at https://www.opensmtpd.org/. If you have a bug
report for this manual page, see
⟨https://github.com/OpenSMTPD/OpenSMTPD/issues⟩. This page was
obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/OpenSMTPD/OpenSMTPD.git⟩ on 2025-08-11. (At
that time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in
the repository was 2025-08-02.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is
a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
GNU February 13, 2021 MAKEMAP(8)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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