complex.h(0p) — Linux manual page

PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | APPLICATION USAGE | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT

complex.h(0P)           POSIX Programmer's Manual          complex.h(0P)

PROLOG         top

       This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The
       Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
       corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
       or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME         top

       complex.h — complex arithmetic

SYNOPSIS         top

       #include <complex.h>

DESCRIPTION         top

       The functionality described on this reference page is aligned
       with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements
       described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This
       volume of POSIX.1‐2017 defers to the ISO C standard.

       The <complex.h> header shall define the following macros:

       complex     Expands to _Complex.

       _Complex_I  Expands to a constant expression of type const float
                   _Complex, with the value of the imaginary unit (that
                   is, a number i such that i2=-1).

       imaginary   Expands to _Imaginary.

       _Imaginary_I
                   Expands to a constant expression of type const float
                   _Imaginary with the value of the imaginary unit.

       I           Expands to either _Imaginary_I or _Complex_I. If
                   _Imaginary_I is not defined, I expands to _Complex_I.

       The macros imaginary and _Imaginary_I shall be defined if and
       only if the implementation supports imaginary types.

       An application may undefine and then, perhaps, redefine the
       complex, imaginary, and I macros.

       The following shall be declared as functions and may also be
       defined as macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.

           double               cabs(double complex);
           float                cabsf(float complex);
           long double          cabsl(long double complex);
           double complex       cacos(double complex);
           float complex        cacosf(float complex);
           double complex       cacosh(double complex);
           float complex        cacoshf(float complex);
           long double complex  cacoshl(long double complex);
           long double complex  cacosl(long double complex);
           double               carg(double complex);
           float                cargf(float complex);
           long double          cargl(long double complex);
           double complex       casin(double complex);
           float complex        casinf(float complex);
           double complex       casinh(double complex);
           float complex        casinhf(float complex);
           long double complex  casinhl(long double complex);
           long double complex  casinl(long double complex);
           double complex       catan(double complex);
           float complex        catanf(float complex);
           double complex       catanh(double complex);
           float complex        catanhf(float complex);
           long double complex  catanhl(long double complex);
           long double complex  catanl(long double complex);
           double complex       ccos(double complex);
           float complex        ccosf(float complex);
           double complex       ccosh(double complex);
           float complex        ccoshf(float complex);
           long double complex  ccoshl(long double complex);
           long double complex  ccosl(long double complex);
           double complex       cexp(double complex);
           float complex        cexpf(float complex);
           long double complex  cexpl(long double complex);
           double               cimag(double complex);
           float                cimagf(float complex);
           long double          cimagl(long double complex);
           double complex       clog(double complex);
           float complex        clogf(float complex);
           long double complex  clogl(long double complex);
           double complex       conj(double complex);
           float complex        conjf(float complex);
           long double complex  conjl(long double complex);
           double complex       cpow(double complex, double complex);
           float complex        cpowf(float complex, float complex);
           long double complex  cpowl(long double complex, long double complex);
           double complex       cproj(double complex);
           float complex        cprojf(float complex);
           long double complex  cprojl(long double complex);
           double               creal(double complex);
           float                crealf(float complex);
           long double          creall(long double complex);
           double complex       csin(double complex);
           float complex        csinf(float complex);
           double complex       csinh(double complex);
           float complex        csinhf(float complex);
           long double complex  csinhl(long double complex);
           long double complex  csinl(long double complex);
           double complex       csqrt(double complex);
           float complex        csqrtf(float complex);
           long double complex  csqrtl(long double complex);
           double complex       ctan(double complex);
           float complex        ctanf(float complex);
           double complex       ctanh(double complex);
           float complex        ctanhf(float complex);
           long double complex  ctanhl(long double complex);
           long double complex  ctanl(long double complex);

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE         top

       Values are interpreted as radians, not degrees.

RATIONALE         top

       The choice of I instead of i for the imaginary unit concedes to
       the widespread use of the identifier i for other purposes. The
       application can use a different identifier, say j, for the
       imaginary unit by following the inclusion of the <complex.h>
       header with:

           #undef I
           #define j _Imaginary_I

       An I suffix to designate imaginary constants is not required, as
       multiplication by I provides a sufficiently convenient and more
       generally useful notation for imaginary terms. The corresponding
       real type for the imaginary unit is float, so that use of I for
       algorithmic or notational convenience will not result in widening
       types.

       On systems with imaginary types, the application has the ability
       to control whether use of the macro I introduces an imaginary
       type, by explicitly defining I to be _Imaginary_I or _Complex_I.
       Disallowing imaginary types is useful for some applications
       intended to run on implementations without support for such
       types.

       The macro _Imaginary_I provides a test for whether imaginary
       types are supported.

       The cis() function (cos(x) + I*sin(x)) was considered but
       rejected because its implementation is easy and straightforward,
       even though some implementations could compute sine and cosine
       more efficiently in tandem.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS         top

       The following function names and the same names suffixed with f
       or l are reserved for future use, and may be added to the
       declarations in the <complex.h> header.

              cerf()    cexpm1()   clog2()
              cerfc()   clog10()   clgamma()
              cexp2()   clog1p()   ctgamma()

SEE ALSO         top

       The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, cabs(3p),
       cacos(3p), cacosh(3p), carg(3p), casin(3p), casinh(3p),
       catan(3p), catanh(3p), ccos(3p), ccosh(3p), cexp(3p), cimag(3p),
       clog(3p), conj(3p), cpow(3p), cproj(3p), creal(3p), csin(3p),
       csinh(3p), csqrt(3p), ctan(3p), ctanh(3p)

COPYRIGHT         top

       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic
       form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information
       Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The
       Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright
       (C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
       Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.  In the event of any
       discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The
       Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group
       Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be
       obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page
       are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of
       the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

IEEE/The Open Group               2017                     complex.h(0P)

Pages that refer to this page: float.h(0p)tgmath.h(0p)cabs(3p)cacos(3p)cacosh(3p)carg(3p)casin(3p)casinh(3p)catan(3p)catanh(3p)ccos(3p)ccosh(3p)cexp(3p)cimag(3p)clog(3p)conj(3p)cpow(3p)cproj(3p)creal(3p)csin(3p)csinh(3p)csqrt(3p)ctan(3p)ctanh(3p)