pmda(3) — Linux manual page

NAME | C SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | COMMUNICATING WITH PMCD | DEFAULT CALLBACKS FOR HANDLING PDUs | INSTANCES AND INSTANCE DOMAINS | NAMESPACE | METRIC DESCRIPTIONS | DSO PMDA | DAEMON PMDA | HELP TEXT | INSTALLATION AND REMOVAL | INSTALLATION REFINEMENTS | CAVEAT | DIAGNOSTICS | FILES | PCP ENVIRONMENT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON

PMDA(3)                 Library Functions Manual                 PMDA(3)

NAME         top

       PMDA - introduction to the Performance Metrics Domain Agent
       support library

C SYNOPSIS         top

       #include <pcp/pmapi.h>
       #include <pcp/pmda.h>

        ... assorted routines ...

       cc ... -lpcp_pmda -lpcp

DESCRIPTION         top

       To assist in the development of Performance Metric Domain Agents
       (PMDAs) for the Performance Co-Pilot (PCP), a procedural
       interface is provided that extends the Performance Metrics
       Application Programming Interface (PMAPI(3)) library.  These
       procedures are designed to enable a programmer to quickly build a
       PMDA which can then be tested and refined.  However, this also
       implies that a PMDA has a particular structure which may not be
       suitable for all PMDA implementations.

       Once you are familiar with the PCP and PMDA frameworks, you can
       quickly implement a new PMDA with only a few data structures and
       functions.  This is covered in far greater detail in the
       Performance Co-Pilot Programmer's Guide.

       A PMDA is responsible for a set of performance metrics, in the
       sense that it must respond to requests from pmcd(1) for
       information about performance metrics, instance domains, and
       instantiated values.

       This man page contains sections of the simple PMDA which is
       located at $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/simple.

COMMUNICATING WITH PMCD         top

       Two approaches may be used for connecting a PMDA to a pmcd(1)
       process.  A Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) can be attached by
       pmcd(1) using dlopen(3) when the pmcd(1) process is started.  A
       procedural interface referenced through a shared data structure
       is used to handle requests from pmcd(1) to the PMDA .

       The preferred approach is for a separate process (daemon) to
       communicate with pmcd(1) using the Performance Data Units (PDU)
       Inter-Process Communication (IPC) protocol.

       All PMDAs are launched and controlled by the pmcd(1) process on
       the local host.  The requests from the clients are received by
       pmcd(1) and forwarded to the appropriate PMDAs.  Responses, when
       required, are returned through pmcd(1) to the clients.  The
       requests (PDUs) that may be sent to a PMDA from pmcd(1) are
       PDU_FETCH, PDU_PROFILE, PDU_INSTANCE_REQ, PDU_DESC_REQ,
       PDU_TEXT_REQ and PDU_RESULT.  If the PMDA implements any dynamic
       metrics it may also receive PDU_PMNS_CHILD, PDU_PMNS_IDS,
       PDU_PMNS_NAMES and PDU_PMNS_TRAVERSE PDUs.

DEFAULT CALLBACKS FOR HANDLING PDUs         top

       To allow a consistent framework, pmdaMain(3) can be used by a
       daemon PMDA to handle the communication protocol using the same
       callbacks as a DSO PMDA.  The structure pmdaInterface is used to
       convey the common procedural interface and state information that
       is used by pmcd(1) and a PMDA.  This state information includes
       tables describing the supported metrics and instance domains.

       As most of the procedural interface is identical for all PMDAs,
       they are provided as part of this support library
       (pmdaProfile(3), pmdaFetch(3), pmdaInstance(3), pmdaDesc(3),
       pmdaText(3) and pmdaStore(3)).  However, these routines require
       access to the pmdaInterface state information so it must be
       correctly initialized using pmdaConnect(3), pmdaDaemon(3),
       pmdaOpenLog(3), pmdaDSO(3), pmdaGetOpt(3) and pmdaInit(3).

INSTANCES AND INSTANCE DOMAINS         top

       Three structures are declared in /usr/include/pcp/pmda.h which
       provide a framework for declaring the metrics and instances
       supported by the PMDA.

       Every instance requires a unique integer identifier and a unique
       name, as defined by the structure pmdaInstid:

            /*
             * Instance description: index and name
             */

            typedef struct {
                int         i_inst;        /* internal instance identifier */
                char        *i_name;       /* external instance identifier */
            } pmdaInstid;

       An instance domain requires its own unique identification
       (pmInDom), the number of instances the domain represents, and a
       pointer to an array of instance descriptions.  This is defined in
       the structure pmdaIndom:

            /*
             * Instance domain description: unique instance id,
             * number of instances in this domain, and the list of
             * instances (not null terminated).
             */

            typedef struct {
                pmInDom     it_indom;       /* indom, filled in */
                int         it_numinst;     /* number of instances */
                pmdaInstid  *it_set;        /* instance identifiers */
            } pmdaIndom;

       The simple PMDA has one instance domain for simple.color with
       three instances (red, green and blue), and a second instance
       domain for simple.now with instances which can be specified at
       run-time.  These instance domains are defined as:

            static pmdaInstid _color[] = {
                { 0, "red" }, { 1, "green" }, { 2, "blue" }
            };
            static pmdaInstid *_timenow = NULL;

            static pmdaIndom indomtab[] = {
            #define COLOR_INDOM 0
                { COLOR_INDOM, 3, _color },
            #define NOW_INDOM 1
                { NOW_INDOM, 0, NULL },
            };

       The preprocessor macros COLOR_INDOM and NOW_INDOM are used in the
       metric description table to identify the instance domains of
       individual metrics.  These correspond to the serial value in the
       instance domain pmInDom structure (the domain field is set by
       pmdaInit(3) at run-time).  The serial value must be unique for
       each instance domain within the PMDA.

       The indom table shown above which is usually passed to
       pmdaInit(3) does not need to be created if one wants to write
       one's own Fetch and Instance functions.  See pmdaInit(3) for more
       details.

NAMESPACE         top

       Every PMDA has its own unique namespace using the format defined
       in PMNS(5).  In summary, the namespace matches the names of the
       metrics to the unique identifier.  The simple PMDA defines five
       metrics: simple.numfetch, simple.color, simple.time.user,
       simple.time.sys and simple.now.  The namespace for these metrics
       is defined in $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/simple/pmns and is installed as:

            simple {
                numfetch    253:0:0
                color       253:0:1
                time
                now         253:2:4
            }

            simple.time {
                user        253:1:2
                sys         253:1:3
            }

       The domain number of 253 is obtained from
       $PCP_VAR_DIR/pmns/stdpmid.  New PMDAs should specify a unique
       domain number in this file, and obtain the number during
       installation.  This allows the domain number to change by
       modifying only the file $PCP_VAR_DIR/pmns/stdpmid.

       The simple.time and simple.now metrics are defined in separate
       clusters to the other metrics which allows a PMDA to support more
       than 1024 metrics, as well as grouping similar metrics together.
       Therefore, the item numbers for a new cluster may be identical to
       the item numbers in other clusters.  The simple PMDA continues to
       increment the item numbers to permit direct mapping (see
       pmdaInit(3)).

       The namespace file should be installed and removed with the agent
       using pmnsadd(1) and pmnsdel(1).  See the later sections on
       INSTALLATION and REMOVAL.

       A simple ASCII namespace can be constructed by creating a file
       similar to $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/simple/root:

            /*
             * fake "root" for validating the local PMNS subtree
             */

            #include "$PCP_VAR_DIR/pmns/stdpmid"

            root { simple }

            #include "pmns"

       and can be referred to with the -n option in most PCP tools.

METRIC DESCRIPTIONS         top

       Each metric requires a description (pmDesc), which contains its
       Performance Metric Identifier (PMID), data type specification,
       instance domain, semantics and units (see pmLookupDesc(3)).  A
       handle is also provided for application specific information in
       the pmdaMetric structure:

            /*
             * Metric description: handle for extending description,
             * and the description.
             */

            typedef struct {
                void*       m_user;         /* for users external use */
                pmDesc      m_desc;         /* metric description */
            } pmdaMetric;

       The simple PMDA defines the metrics as:

            static pmdaMetric metrictab[] = {
            /* numfetch */
                { (void *)0,
                  { PMDA_PMID(0,0), PM_TYPE_U32, PM_INDOM_NULL, PM_SEM_INSTANT,
                    { 0,0,0,0,0,0} }, },
            /* color */
                { (void *)0,
                  { PMDA_PMID(0,1), PM_TYPE_32, COLOR_INDOM, PM_SEM_INSTANT,
                    { 0,0,0,0,0,0} }, },
            /* time.user */
                { (void*)0,
                  { PMDA_PMID(1,2), PM_TYPE_DOUBLE, PM_INDOM_NULL, PM_SEM_COUNTER,
                       { 0, 1, 0, 0, PM_TIME_SEC, 0 } }, },
            /* time.sys */
                { (void*)0,
                  { PMDA_PMID(1,3), PM_TYPE_DOUBLE, PM_INDOM_NULL, PM_SEM_COUNTER,
                       { 0, 1, 0, 0, PM_TIME_SEC, 0 } }, },
            /* now */
                { NULL,
                  { PMDA_PMID(2,4), PM_TYPE_U32, NOW_INDOM, PM_SEM_INSTANT,
                    { 0,0,0,0,0,0 } }, },
            };

       The macro PMDA_PMID (defined in /usr/include/pcp/pmda.h) is used
       to specify each metric's cluster and item fields of the
       associated pmID.  As with instance domains, the domain field is
       set by pmdaInit(3) at run-time, however, the default domain is
       assumed to be defined by the PMDA in the macro MYDOMAIN.

       The metric table shown above which is usually passed to
       pmdaInit(3) does not need to be created if one wants to write
       one's own Fetch and Descriptor functions.  See pmdaInit(3) for
       more details.

DSO PMDA         top

       A PMDA that is run as a DSO is opened by pmcd(1) with dlopen(3).
       pmcd(1) will call the PMDA's initialization function that is
       specified in $PCP_PMCDCONF_PATH.  This function is passed a
       pointer to a pmdaInterface structure which must be completed.
       Any callbacks which are not the default PMDA support library
       callbacks must be specified in the pmdaInterface structure.

       The simple PMDA uses its own store and fetch callback.
       simple_fetch() calls pmdaFetch(3) which requires a callback to be
       set with pmdaSetFetchCallBack(3) as can be seen in
       $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/simple/simple.c.

       The flag _isDSO is used to determine if the PMDA is a daemon or a
       DSO so that the correct initialization routine, pmdaDaemon(3) or
       pmdaDSO(3), is called.

DAEMON PMDA         top

       A PMDA that is run as a daemon is forked and executed by pmcd(1).
       Therefore, unlike a DSO PMDA, the starting point for a daemon
       PMDA is main().  The agent should parse the command line
       arguments, create a log file and initialize some data structures
       that pmcd(1) would initialize for a DSO agent.

       The pmdaInterface structure must be completely defined by the
       daemon PMDA.  The function pmdaDaemon(3) can be called at the
       start of main() to set most of these fields.  Command line
       parsing can be simplified by using pmdaGetOpt(3), which is
       similar to getopt(2), but extracts a common set of options into
       the pmdaInterface structure.  stderr can be mapped to a log file
       using pmdaOpenLog(3) to simplify debugging and error messages.
       The connection to pmcd(1) can be made with pmdaConnect(3) and the
       loop which handles the incoming PDUs, pmdaMain(3), should be the
       last function called.  This can be seen in
       $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/simple/simple.c.

       The simple_init() routine is common to an agent that can be run
       as both a Daemon and DSO PMDA.

HELP TEXT         top

       Each PMDA must be able to provide pmcd(1) with the help text for
       each metric.  Most PMDAs use specially created files with indexes
       to support efficient retrieval of the help text.  Tools are
       provided with PCP to create the help text files of appropriate
       format. See newhelp(1).

INSTALLATION AND REMOVAL         top

       A series of shell procedures are defined in
       $PCP_SHARE_DIR/lib/pmdaproc.sh which greatly simplify the
       installation and removal of a PMDA.

       The Install scripts for most PMDAs should only need to specify
       the name of the PMDA in iam, call pmdaSetup which sets up some
       default variables, checks permissions (you have to be ``root'' to
       install or remove a PMDA), checks that you're in the right
       directory (somewhere that ends with /pmdas/$iam), optionally
       generate the Performance Metrics Name Space (PMNS) and PMDA
       domain number files for Perl or Python PMDAs, checks the PMDA
       domain number is valid, etc., specify the communication
       protocols, and finally call pmdaInstall to do all the work of
       updating the PMNS, updating the pmcd(1) control file, notifying
       or restarting pmcd(1),

       Beyond pmdaSetup and pmdaInstall, another optional helper
       routines is pmdaChooseConfigFile that may be used to
       interactively select or create a PMDA-specific configuration
       file, e.g. pmdalogger(1).

       The Remove scripts are even simpler as setting up the
       communication protocols are not required, so set the name of the
       PMDA in iam, then call pmdaSetup followed by a call to
       pmdaRemove.

       Further information is contained in the
       $PCP_SHARE_DIR/lib/pmdaproc.sh file and the following section.

       Optionally, a PMDA may provide an Upgrade script alongside
       Install and Remove.  If present this script will be used by the
       pmcd startup process to ensure corrections to an installation
       have been made before starting the PMDA.  Examples of such
       corrections include: updates to pmcd.conf when a PMDA script or
       binary has been renamed, when the PMDA supports a new format of
       its configuration file, or if there is some latent problem from
       an earlier install (e.g. some PMDAs may need to introduce use of
       the notready keyword in pmcd.conf, as described below).

INSTALLATION REFINEMENTS         top

       As outlined below there are a number of variables that can be set
       in a PMDA's Install script to influence the behaviour of the
       installation procedures.  These would typically need to be set
       before the call to pmdaInstall, but in some instances (like $iam
       and the cases specifically noted below), before the call to
       pmdaSetup.

       The following variables control the communication options between
       the PMDA and pmcd(1).  At least one of $daemon_opt, $dso_opt,
       $perl_opt or $python_opt must be set to define the supported
       mode(s) of communication.  If more than one of these is set the
       user will be prompted to make a selection when the Install script
       is run.

       daemon_opt
              We are willing to install the PMDA as a daemon.
              Default: true

       dso_opt
              We are willing to install the PMDA as a DSO, so pmcd(1)
              will use the dynamic linking loader to attach the PMDA's
              DSO at run-time and communication from pmcd(1) to the PMDA
              and back uses procedure calls, not an IPC channel.
              Default: false

       dso_entry
              For a DSO PMDA, this is the name of the PMDA's
              initialization routine.
              Default: ${iam}_init

       dso_name
              For a DSO PMDA, this is the full pathanme of the PMDA's
              DSO file.
              Default: $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/$iam/pmda_$iam.$dso_suffix

       pipe_opt
              For a daemon PMDA, is the default IPC channel via a
              pipe(2)?
              Default: Platform-specific, so true for most, but false
              for Windows

       perl_opt
              We are willing to install the PMDA as a Perl script and
              pmcd(1) will use the perl(1) interpreter to run the PMDA.
              Default: false

       pmda_dir
              Full pathname to the directory where the PMDA's
              installation files (executable, script, PMNS source, help
              text source, etc) are to be found.
              Default: output from pwd(1)

                       If set, must be done before the call to
                       pmdaSetup.

       pmda_name
              For a daemon PMDA, this is the name of the PMDA's
              executable binary relative to the $pmda_dir directory.
              Default: pmda$iam

       python_opt
              We are willing to install the PMDA as a Python script and
              pmcd(1) will use the python(1) interpreter to run the
              PMDA.
              Default: false

       ipc_prot
              For a daemon PMDA, this can be set to either binary or
              text.  The default is binary and text is rarely used.  In
              addition, an optional IPC parameter notready can be used
              to signify that the PMDA will start up in the notready
              state, e.g. ipc_prot="binary notready".  Note that the
              quotes are required.  The IPC parameters for a PMDA appear
              in pmcd.conf in the IPC Params column.  For further
              details, see pmcd(1) but basically pmcd will not issue any
              requests to a PMDA that has started in the notready state
              until the PMDA sends a PM_ERR_PMDAREADY PDU.  This allows
              PMDAs with long startup times to initialize correctly
              without timing out.  For details, see pmdaSendError(3) and
              pmcd(1).  When a PMDA is in the notready state, any client
              requests sent to pmcd for the PMDA domain will return with
              the PM_ERR_PMDANOTREADY error.

       socket_inet_def
              For a daemon PMDA using a socket(2) as the IPC channel the
              default Internet port number or service name (if known).
              Default: ""

       socket_opt
              For a daemon PMDA, is the default IPC channel via a
              socket(2)?
              Default: Platform-specific, so false for most, but true
              for Windows

       The following variables control the PMNS options.

       pmns_dupok
              Most PMDAs do not have duplicate names for the same PMID
              in their PMNS.  But if this is not the case, pmns_dupok
              should be set to true.
              Default: false

       pmns_name
              Each PMDA will add one or more non-leaf nodes to the top
              of the PMNS.  The most common case is that all of the
              metrics for a PMDA will be placed below the node named
              $iam.  If this is not the case, and especially when the
              PMDA adds more than one non-leaf node at the top of the
              PMNS, pmns_name needs to be set to the list of node names
              (separated by white space), e.g. for pmdaproc(1) pmns_name
              is set to "proc cgroup hotproc".
              Default: $iam

                       It is most important that if pmns_name is set to
                       a non-default value in the Install script then it
                       must also be set to the same value in the Remove
                       script.

       pmns_source
              The name of the PMDA's PMNS source file.  By default, the
              name is interpreted as a relative pathname from the
              $pmda_dir directory.
              Default: pmns

       The following variables provide assorted additional options
       associated with the installation of a PMDA.

       args   Additional command line args for the PMDA.  These will be
              appended to the PMDA's control line in $PCP_PMCDCONF_PATH.
              Default: ""

       check_delay
              Delay (in seconds) after finishing the PMDA installation
              (or removal) before checking the availability of metrics
              from the PMDA.  May need to be increased if the PMDA has a
              lengthy startup procedure.
              Default: 0.3

       signal_delay
              Delay (in seconds) after notifying pmcd(1) with a signal.
              Required to allow pmcd(1) to complete processing before
              proceeding to the next step of the installation (or
              removal).
              Default: 1

       configdir
              Determines the directory in which a PMDA's configuration
              file will be stored.  Used by pmdaChooseConfigFile so
              should be set before calling that procedure.
              Default: $PCP_VAR_DIR/config/$iam

       configfile
              Preferred configuration file for the PMDA.  Used by
              pmdaChooseConfigFile so should be set before calling that
              procedure.
              Default: ""

       default_configfile
              Default configuration file for the PMDA.  Used by
              pmdaChooseConfigFile so should be set before calling that
              procedure.
              Default: ""

       dso_suffix
              Standard suffix for a DSO.  Should not need to be changed
              under normal circumstances.
              Default: Platform-specific, so 'so' for Linux, 'dylib' for
              Mac OS X, 'dll' for Windows, etc.

                       If set, must be done before the call to
                       pmdaSetup.

       help_source
              The name of the help text source file that should be used
              as input to pmnewhelp(1).  By default, the name is
              interpreted as a relative pathname from the $pmda_dir
              directory.
              Default: help

       python_name
              Full pathname of the Python script for a Python PMDA.
              Default: $pmda_dir/pmda$iam.python or
              $pmda_dir/pmda$iam.py

       The shell procedures in $PCP_SHARE_DIR/lib/pmdaproc.sh manipulate
       a number of temporary files using the variable $tmp as the prefix
       for the name of the temporary files.  $tmp is a directory that is
       created, used and removed internally within the procedures of
       $PCP_SHARE_DIR/lib/pmdaproc.sh but can also be used as the prefix
       for temporary files needed by a PMDA's Install or Remove scripts.
       When used in this way, $tmp should be followed by a ``/'' and
       then a suffix, e.g. $tmp/myfoo.  The Install and Remove scripts
       should not use other temporary file name prefixes nor use sh(1)
       trap statements to clean up temporary files as this is all done
       within $PCP_SHARE_DIR/lib/pmdaproc.sh.

CAVEAT         top

       Failing to complete any of the data structures or calling any of
       the library routines out of order may cause unexpected behavior
       in the PMDA.

       Due to changes to the PMAPI(3) and PMDA(3) API in the PCP 2.0
       release, as described in the product release notes, PMDAs built
       using PCP 2.0 must specify PMDA_INTERFACE_2 or later and link
       with libpcp_pmda.so.2 and libpcp.so.2.  Pre-existing Daemon PMDAs
       specifying PMDA_PROTOCOL_1 will continue to function using the
       backwards compatible libpcp_pmda.so.1 and libpcp.so.1 libraries
       and may be recompiled using the headers installed in
       /usr/include/pcp1.x/ without any modification.  These backwards
       compatible headers and libraries are contained in the
       pcp.sw.compat subsystem.

DIAGNOSTICS         top

       Any PMDA which uses this library can set PMAPI(3) debugging
       control option libpmda (with -Dlibpmda on the command line or via
       3pmSetDebug(3)) to to enable the display of debugging information
       which may be useful during development (see pmdbg(1)).

       The status field of the pmdaInterface structure should be zero
       after pmdaDaemon, pmdaDSO, pmdaGetOpt, pmdaConnect and pmdaInit
       are called.  A value less than zero indicates that initialization
       has failed.

       Some error messages that are common to most functions in this
       library are:

       PMDA interface version interface not supported
              Most of the functions require that the comm.version field
              of the pmdaInterface structure be set to PMDA_INTERFACE_2
              or later.  PMDA_INTERFACE_2 or PMDA_INTERFACE_3 implies
              that the version.two fields are correctly initialized,
              while PMDA_INTERFACE_4 implies that the version.four
              fields are correctly initialized (see pmdaDaemon(3) and
              pmdaDSO(3)).

FILES         top

       /usr/include/pcp/pmda.h
              Header file for the PMDA support library.

       /usr/lib/libpcp_pmda.so
              Dynamic library containing PMDA support library routines.

       $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/trivial
              The source of the trivial PMDA.

       $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/simple
              The source of the simple PMDA.

       $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/txmon
              The source of the txmon PMDA.

       $PCP_PMCDCONF_PATH
              Configuration file for pmcd(1).

       $PCP_VAR_DIR/pmns
              Location of namespace descriptions for every PMDA.

       $PCP_VAR_DIR/pmns/stdpmid
              The unique domain identifiers for each PMDA.

       $PCP_SHARE_DIR/lib/pmdaproc.sh
              Shell procedures for installing and removing a PMDA.

PCP ENVIRONMENT         top

       Environment variables with the prefix PCP_ are used to
       parameterize the file and directory names used by PCP.  On each
       installation, the file /etc/pcp.conf contains the local values
       for these variables.  The $PCP_CONF variable may be used to
       specify an alternative configuration file, as described in
       pcp.conf(5).  Values for these variables may be obtained
       programmatically using the pmGetConfig(3) function.

SEE ALSO         top

       dbpmda(1), newhelp(1), pmcd(1), pmnsadd(1), pmnsdel(1), PMAPI(3),
       PMWEBAPI(3), pmdaConnect(3), pmdaDaemon(3), pmdaDesc(3),
       pmdaDSO(3), pmdaFetch(3), pmdaGetOpt(3), pmdaInit(3),
       pmdaInstance(3), pmdaMain(3), pmdaOpenLog(3), pmdaProfile(3),
       pmdaStore(3), pmdaText(3), pmLookupDesc(3) and PMNS(5).

       For a complete description of the pcp_pmda library and the PMDA
       development process, refer to the Insight book Performance Co-
       Pilot Programmer's Guide.

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the PCP (Performance Co-Pilot) project.
       Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨http://www.pcp.io/⟩.  If you have a bug report for this manual
       page, send it to pcp@groups.io.  This page was obtained from the
       project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://github.com/performancecopilot/pcp.git⟩ on 2023-12-22.
       (At that time, the date of the most recent commit that was found
       in the repository was 2023-12-16.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       man-pages@man7.org

Performance Co-Pilot               PCP                           PMDA(3)

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